To break the stalemate, a low-speed yoyo is used.
The attacking aircraft thus gains back the speed it lost from the climb and gains a better offensive position almost directly behind the enemy aircraft.Īnother combat situation which can arise is a stalemate in either a tail chase or turning match. Then the attacker dives downward while turning with the enemy aircraft. This prevents the attacker from overshooting it’s target. The Yo-Yo works by causing the attacker to gain altitude therefor losing speed and decreasing the closure on the defender. Thus the attacker becomes the defender while the defending plane switches to the attacker. The result in either case is that the attacking aircraft passes the defender and their roles reverse. Overshooting is when the attacking aircraft is chasing the defender from behind and either the attacker is going to fast and passes the defender or the attacker turns inside of the defender during a bank. This maneuver is used to improve a pilots offensive position and to prevent the pilot from overshooting. The High Yo-Yo was invented by a Chinese pilot named Yo-Yo. The defender should also alter his plane of flight to make himself a more difficult target. It is difficult for him to pull his nose around at high angels of attack to achieve a firing soultion. To do this he must tighten his turn, which increases his angel of attack. The attacker may be able to cut inside the turn but he is forced to pull lead. This generates “angle-off” as quickly as possible which makes the defender a difficult target. The break is always made towars the direction of attack.
Its purpose is twofold: to spoil the attacker’s aim and to force him to overshoot. This is used when an attacker is first seen or is already in the cone of vulnerability. This maneuver makes repositioning for a further attack, or to meet a threat, much easier than would be the case using horizontal maneuver only. Using the vertical plane enables the fighter to turn square corners in relation to its position above the ground. Horizontal turns at normal fighting speeds take up a lot of room laterally. Its main value lies in using the vertical plane to change the direction of flight in the smallest possible horizontal space. The modern version of the Immelmann is a vertical climb or half loop, possibly aileron-turning during the climb, then rolling out into level flight at the top. There are few set maneuvers for the pair just a few general tricks to meet certain situations, as follows.īack in 1916 the original Immelmann turn was more akin to the vertical reverse than its present-day counterpart. The wide spacing is dictated by two factors: the long reach of contemporary weaponry, and the large amounts of sky needed for maneuver at high subsonic or transonic speeds. They guard each other’s visual blind spots and, as illustrated in the Attack Section, hunt as a co-ordinated unit. Its main value lies in enabling the fighter to reposition at any angle with almost no lateral displacement.Ī pair working as a team is much more effective than two fighters working individually. Not to be confused with it’s WWI namesake,
The Immelmann is essentially a maneuver for repositioning. When the fight individual dispersed in a lot of battles, make sure that not all comrades rush one opponent.
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